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Test 2

Fill in the blanks. Movement of materials in and out of cells is controlled by the_________________. The sites of protein synthesis are______________________. Glycerol and fatty acids combine to form___________________. Breakdown of organic nutrients in cells to release energy and form ATP is called_________________. In a__________________reaction, smaller molecules are combined to form a larger molecule. The building units of proteins are____________________. Choose the correct answer. Which of the following are functions of nucleic acids? They pass instructions from parents to offspring. They help make proteins. They contain instructions for proteins. all of the above. Types of lipids include: polysaccharides. amino acids. nucleotides. triglycerides. According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly spread in a continuous layer over the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane. confined to the hydrophobic int...
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Test 2

Fill in the blanks. Movement of materials in and out of cells is controlled by the_________________. The sites of protein synthesis are______________________. Glycerol and fatty acids combine to form___________________. Breakdown of organic nutrients in cells to release energy and form ATP is called_________________. In a__________________reaction, smaller molecules are combined to form a larger molecule. The building units of proteins are____________________. Choose the correct answer. Which of the following are functions of nucleic acids? They pass instructions from parents to offspring. They help make proteins. They contain instructions for proteins. all of the above. Types of lipids include: polysaccharides. amino acids. nucleotides. triglycerides. According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly spread in a continuous layer over the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane. confined to the hydrophobic int...
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Membrane Lipids

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The plasma membrane contains several different types of lipids including phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids. The plasma membrane is composed of two layers of phospholipid molecules with scattered embedded protein and cholesterol molecules. The hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids face the extracellular and intracellular fluids, and the hydrophobic tails form the internal layer of the membrane. Cholesterol and proteins scattered throughout and associated with its surface. Phospholipids In a cell membrane, phospholipids are arranged in two layers - lipid bilayer, a double layer of phospholipid molecules, because they have a polar head and a nonpolar (uncharged) tail. The polar heads are attracted to water molecules, so they are also called hydrophilic (water-loving) heads. The polar, hydrophilic heads are exposed to the aqueous extracellular and intracellular fluids of the cell. The tails of the phospholipids are nonpolar and are not attracted to water molecules,...
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ភ្នាសប្លាស្មា-Plasma Membrane

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ភ្នាសប្លាស្មា Plasma Membrane plasma membrane ភ្នាសប្លាស្មា ឬ ភ្នាសកោសិកា ឬ ភ្នាសស៊ីតូប្លាស intracellular substances សារធាតុនៅក្នុងកោសិកា extracellular environment មជ្ឈដ្ឋានក្រៅកោសិកា The plasma membrane is the outermost component of a cell. It functions as a boundary separating the intracellular substances, those inside the cell, from extracellular substances, those outside the cell. The plasma membrane encloses and supports the cell contents. It attaches cells to the extracellular environment or to other cells. The ability of the cells to recognize and communicate with each other occurs through the plasma membrane. ភ្នាសប្លាស្មា ជាផ្នែកខាងក្រៅបង្អស់របស់កោសិកា។ វាដើរតួជារបាំងដែលខ័ណ្ឌចែកសារធាតុក្នុងកោសិកាពីសារធាតុផ្សេងៗខាងក្រៅកោសិកា។ ភ្នាសប្លាស្មា រុំព័ទ្ធ និងទ្រទ្រង់សមាសភាគក្នុងកោសិកា។ វាភ្ជាប់កោសិកាទៅនឹងមជ្ឈដ្ឋានខាងក្រៅ ឬទៅនឹងកោសិកាផ្សេងៗទៀត។ ភ្នាសនេះ ក៏ជួយឱ្យកោសិកាអាចទទួលស្គាល់ និងមានទំនាក់ទំនងជាមួយគ្នាបានផងដែរ។ Plasma Membrane In addition, the plasma membrane determines what mov...
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Test 1

Choose the correct answer bellow. _____________ are fundamental building blocks of all matter. atom cells molecules organisms The smallest unit of life is______________. atom molecule cell organism A process by which an organism produces offspring is called_________________. reproduction homeostasis inheritance development The state of maintaining a constant internal environment within an organism is called__________________. reproduction life imbalance homeostasis The term__________________ refer to the sum of all chemical reaction in the body. stimulus responsiveness reproduction metabolism Substances that dissolve in water include all of the following except_______________________. glucose lipids proteins salts Answer the following questions. What properties are common to all living things? What is a cell? What are the components of a triglyceride? What are some of the different between RNA and DNA? Which properties of water enable...
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Human Digestive System

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1 Anatomy of the Digestive System Digestive System The digestive system consists of a digestive tube and its associated accessory digestive organs. The digestive system includes the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Accessory digestive organs, such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, are connected to the digestive tract.
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Chemical Reactions and Energy

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Synthesis Reactions A chemical reaction occurs when atoms, ions, molecules, or compounds interact either to form or to break chemical bonds. Reactants are substances that enter into a chemical reaction, whereas the substances that result from the chemical reaction are called products. A synthesis reaction is when two or more reactants chemically combine to form a new and larger product. The synthesis reactions occurring in the body are collectively referred to as anabolism. These reactions produce the molecules characteristic of life, such as ATP, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Some conditions of the body such as growth, maintenance, and repair could not take place without anabolic reactions. Synthesis reactions in which water is a product are called dehydration (water out) reactions. Decomposition Reactions A decomposition reaction is the reverse of a synthesis reaction—a larger reactant is chemically broken down into two or more smaller products. T...
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Back Pain

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Low back pain can result in injury poor posture and being overweight or lack of fitness; it is the primary cause of missed work and the second most common neurological affliction in the United States. In addition to chronic pain, a low back injury is often accompanied by muscle spasms which are spontaneous painful, uncontrolled muscle contractions. A few changes may help prevent more spasms and reduce pain. Patients should sit and stand up straight: use a low back support when sitting; lose weight; exercise, especially the back and abdominal muscles; and try to sleep on their side on a firm mattress. If lifestyle changes are not sufficient, treatment with muscle relaxants. anti-inflammatory drugs. or pain medication may be necessary. I ow back pain can result from injury, poor posture, being over.
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ការប្រែប្រួលសន្លាក់នៅពេលមានផ្ទៃពោះ-Joint Changes During Pregnancy

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During pregnancy, contains hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin act on the connective tissue of joints, particularly the symphysis pubis. making them more stretchable and allowing the joints to loosen. This change allows the pelvic opening to enlarge at the time of delivery. After delivery, the connective tissue of the symphysis pubis returns to its original condition. However, the enlarged pelvic opening may not return completely to its original size, and the woman may have slightly wider hips after the birth of the child. The same hormones may act on the connective tissue of other joints in the body. such as the arches of the feet. causing them to relax, which may result in fallen arches. They may also act on some of a baby's joints, such as the hip, causing them to become more mobile than normal. Increased mobility of the hip can result in congenital (appearing at birth) partial or complete dislocation of the hip. Congenital hip dislocation occurs approxim...
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Osteoporosis

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Osteoporosis is a disease, primarily of the elderly, that results in bones that are very fragile. It is a very serious health issue for older people in our society.  Osteoporosis occurs when bone resorption exceeds bone deposition. In other words. more of the bone gets broken down for recycling than gets replaced. This results in a loss of bone. Thus, the density of bone decreases over time. This decrease in bone density results is a much higher risk of fractures, particularly fractures of the spine or hip.
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What is Rickets?

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Rickets is a bone disease in children that is the result of a deficiency of vitamin D. The signs of rickets include bowed legs, defects in the spine or pelvis, and, on occasion, muscle weakness. Other signs include low blood calcium levels and an increased tendency for fractures.  The primary cause of rickets is a deficiency of vitamin D. Vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium in the digestive tract. When vitamin D levels are low, less calcium is obtained from the diet. This lack of calcium leads to the skeletal defects characteristics of rickets.  The obvious treatment for rickets is to increase the levels of vitamin D. This can be accomplished by increased exposure to sunlight and increasing the intake of foods rich in vitamin D, such as eggs yolks and fish oils. x
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គន្លឹះរក្សាសុខភាពឆ្អឹង-Tips for Healthy Bone

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You can read the below steps to keep your bones healthy!  Your bones must get the calcium and phosphorus they need from your diet. Phosphorus is plentiful in most foods, so it is unusual to run low on this mineral. However, it is important to make sure you eat and drink plenty of calcium. Good sources of calcium are milk, dairy products, and leafy green vegetables. The more, the better! Also, getting enough sunlight (but don’t get sunburned!) is important. You see, when our skin is exposed to sunlight, vitamin D is produced. Vitamin D helps your intestines take in calcium from the food you eat. mineral សារធាតុរ៉ែ, សារធាតុខនិជ, អំបិលខនិជ dairy products អាហារដែលផលិតពីទឹកដោះគោ leafy green vegetables បន្លែស្លឹកពណ៌បៃតង intestine ពោះវៀន exposed to ត្រូវ, ប៉ះនឹង
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The Unhealthy Digestive System

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The entire length of the human digestive tract is subject to numerous disorders. Some are a nuisance or easily treated, whereas others can be deadly. A few are listed here: Tooth decay: Bacteria living on the tooth surface secrete acids that eat through the surface of the teeth, causing cavities. The decayed area can extend to the interior of the tooth, eventually killing the tooth’s nerve and blood supply.
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Location: Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

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Bio-molecules are a subset of organic molecules. Organic molecules are defined as molecules or compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen. Most organic molecules are a component of living organisms or have been produced from them. All other types of molecules are inorganic molecules including water, salts (e.g., sodium chloride), acids (e.g., carbonic acid), and bases (e.g., sodium hydroxide). The four major classes of organic biological macro-molecules (bio-molecules) are lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins.
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About Water

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Molecular Structure of Water and the Properties of Water Water comprises on average approximately two-thirds of the human body by weight. Molecular   Structure of Water  Water is a polar molecule that can form four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Properties of Water Water is present in three phases (air vapor, liquid. and ice), depending on the temperature. Cohesion is attraction between water molecules, surface tension is the inward pull of water molecules at the surface, and adhesion is the attraction of water molecules for substances other than water. Water's high specific heat and high heat of vaporization help maintain a normal body temperature.
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The Chemistry of Life

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1-What are the fundamental building blocks of all matter? Atoms are fundamental building block of all matter. they consist of even smaller subatomic particles. Positively charged protons (p + ) and uncharged neutrons occur in an atom’s core, or nucleus. Negatively charged electrons (e – ) move around the nucleus.  Charge is an  electrical property: Opposite charges attract, and like charges repel. A typical atom has about the same number of electrons and protons. All atoms have protons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number , and it determines the type of atom, or element. Elements are pure substances, each consisting only of atoms with the same number of protons in their    so all atoms with six protons in their nucleus are carbon atoms, no matter how many electrons or neutrons they have. Carbon, the substance, consists only of carbon atoms, and all of ...
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Hello, everyone. This is a free blog you can learn such lessons on Biology, school lessons, school tips to help you study well at school, the other tips and subjects that help you reach your goal. Thank you.
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Invitation to Biology

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Biology is the scientific study of life, past and present. 1-Life's Organization Life's organization start with the interaction between atoms. Atoms join as molecules. The molecules of life are lipids, proteins, DNA, RNA and complex carbohydrates. Many molecules of life become organized as a cell. A cell is the
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